Introduction Blending methods inherit multiple sources of error during operation. These mainly are in flow calculations, blending models, values, analyzers, lab testing, and forecasts. Therefore, optimization and reconciliation of blend model parameters must be carried out to maximize profitability. This…

Introduction Maintenance of petroleum product quality is one of the many challenging tasks in refinery processes. The petroleum refining processes transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), petrol, fuel oils, jet fuels, etc. This topic…

Introduction Blending is an important process in determining the quality of fuel products and profit generation in a refinery. It is done with the help of crude oil products. They are blended and utilized in the production of fuel oil…